Short annotate

problem of the image of Russia in France is topical at the moment, when political and economic stabilization in Russia allows us to speak about the prospects of cooperation between Russia and European countries. That is why it is necessary to investigate the image of Russia in France and to promote it effectively.objects of our research are political relations between Russia and France and their cultural links in XVIII - XX centuries. The subject is the image of Russia in France during this period. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the evolution of the image of Russia in France and its influence on russian-french relationship during this period. main conclusions of our research were the following. The evolution of the image of Russia in France was not consistent process. Firstly, the image of Russia in France depended on some objective factors: climate, the size of the territory, geographical position, the type of government, the level of education in Russia. But some subjective factors also had a great influence: the balance of powers, the situation on international arena. That is why the positive image of Russia could be easily changed for the negative one, if Russia and France became rivals in international relations. There were some periods which were favorable for the image of Russia in France: the period when Ekaterina II was a russian emperor, the period which followed after the War of 1812, the period when russian-french alliance was formed in the end of the XIX century. And there were some period when Russia was perceived especially negative in France. The period which followed after the July monarchy was especially complicated for bilateral relations because russian emperor Nikolai I refused to admit Louis Philipp as a legitimate ruled of France. The period before the Crimea War was also problematic in the relations between Russia and France. The french press called Nikolai II a fool and painted Russia as a barbarian, despotic country. several stereotypical images of Russia were formed in France in XVIII-XIX centuries. These were the motives of russian barbarism and illiteracy, the view of Russia as a despotic country where people are devoted of their natural rights and the personality is of no value. But on the other hand the French admired the architecture of russian cities, russian literature, the reforms of some russian emperors and thought it was a country with a great spiritual potential. these images were developed in XX century also. French authors wrote that Russian revolution was not something utterly new but had deep roots in the past. The censorship which was introduced by the new revolution government they called the worst evil of the tsars regime. They said that Russian people are not just Bolsheviks but first of all Russian people. The relationship between Russia and France were not very good during the period right after the revolution. But afterwards because of the links which existed between communist parties of both countries, they became allies in international arena. But it did not prevent the French from criticizing Russia because of some realities of internal life in the USSR. But they still praised soviet literature and estimated positively some trends of life in the USSR, like perestroika or ottepel.

Введение

Проблема образа России во Франции является, безусловно, актуальной на данный момент, когда политическая и экономическая стабилизация в России позволяет говорить о перспективах развития сотрудничества России со странами Запада. В этой связи необходимо изучение образа России в других странах и его эффективное продвижение.

Объектом исследования являются российско-французские политические отношения и культурные связи России и Франции в XVIII - XX вв.

Предметом - образ России во Франции в этот период.

Цель исследования: рассмотреть эволюцию образа России во Франции в период XIX - первой половине XX вв., и его влияние на развитие двусторонних отношений.

Задачи:

проследить эволюцию образа России во Франции на протяжении XVIII -XX вв.;

оценить влияние образа России во Франции на развитие двусторонних отношений;

выявить его устойчивые составляющие, и переменные характеристики, могущие меняться в зависимости от конкретной внешнеполитической ситуации;

оценить обобщенно степень положительности и отрицательности образа России во Франции, сложившегося к концу рассматриваемого периода.

В данной работе мы постарались рассмотреть образ России во Франции максимально всесторонне: мы приводим мнения различных путешественников, журналистов, писателей, дипломатов, как о политическом устройстве страны, так и об уровне просвещения в России с точки зрения представителей Франции, и о национальном характере русских.

Хронологические и географические рамки